ABSTRACT
This study aims to address questions regarding the translation of 'gout' into 'tongfeng' in East Asia. To this end, the formation process of the origins, 'gout' from Western medicine and 'tongfeng' from Oriental medicine, and the translational process were investigated through the relevant records and literature dating from the 16th century on. Symptoms associated with gout were originally mentioned in ancient Egypt and various terminologies were used to refer to gout, such as podagra, cheiragra and gonogra. The word 'gout', which is derived from Latin, was used for the first time in the 13th century. The reason for this linguistic alteration is thought to be the need for a comprehensive term to cover the various terms for gout in symptomatic body parts, since it can occur concurrently in many joints. However, it took hundreds of years before gout was independently established as a medical term. In oriental medicine, terms describing diseases with features similar to gout include bibing, lijiefeng, baihufeng and tongfeng. Among them, the concept of 'tongfeng' has been established since the Jin and Yuan dynasties. The cause, prevention and various treatments for tongfeng were proposed throughout the Ming and Qing dynasties. The early translation of gout and tongfeng in East Asia, respectively, is estimated to have occurred in the 18th century. The first literature translating gout in China was 'An English and Chinese Vocabulary in the Court Dialect (yinghua yunfu lijie)'. From the publication of this book until the late 19th century, gout was translated into an unfamiliar Chinese character 'Jiu feng jiao', likely because the translation was done mostly by foreign missionaries at the time, and they created a new word on the basis of Western medicine instead of researching and translating similar diseases in oriental medicine. In Japan, the first book translating gout was 'A Pocket Dictionary of the English and Japanese Language (Eiwa taiyaku shuchin jisho)', Japan's the first English-Japanese translation dictionary. In this book, gout was translated into tongfeng, a word adopted from oriental medicine. These differences from China are thought to be caused by Rangaku doctors, who, influenced by oriental medicine in the Jin and Yuan dynasties, played an important role in translating medical terminology at that time.
Subject(s)
China , Gout/history , History, 15th Century , History, 16th Century , History, 17th Century , History, 18th Century , History, 19th Century , History, Ancient , History, Medieval , Japan , Medicine, East Asian Traditional/history , Terminology as Topic , TranslatingABSTRACT
En esta segunda parte analizamos los inicios y la evolución de la Gota y de la Espondilitis Anquilosante. Relatamos nuevamente la importancia del arte en el desarrollo del conocimiento de estas enfermedades reumáticas
Subject(s)
Spondylitis/genetics , Spondylitis/history , Gout/genetics , Gout/historyABSTRACT
En esta primera parte del artículo hacemos una revisión completa sobre la prehistoria, la historia y la importancia del arte como ayuda para entender los orígenes de la artritis Reumatoide y de la artritis juvenil
Subject(s)
Arthritis, Juvenile/history , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/history , Spondylitis, Ankylosing/history , Gout/history , Rheumatology/historyABSTRACT
Las obras médicas publicadas en la Nueva España entre los siglos XVI y XVIII no han sido tomadas en cuenta hasta ahora en la búsqueda de descripciones de la artritis reumatoide y de otras enfermedades reumáticas previas a las descripciones hechas por Sydenham. Revisamos la mayoría de las obras médicas publicadas en la Nueva España desde la llegada de los españoles hasta el siglo XVIII y dividimos a las enfermedades descritas con manifestaciones articulares en cuatro grupos de acuerdo con sus manifestaciones clínicas principales: dolor sin inflamación en una región anatómica, dolor sin inflamación en varias articulaciones e inflamación en las articulaciones, y manifestaciones articulares relacionadas con procesos contagiosos. Encontramos que cien años antes que Sydenham, se diferenciaba entre la gota y la artritis reumatoide por su forma de evolución, y presentamos la más antigua descripción conocida de las artritis reactivas
Subject(s)
Humans , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/history , Rheumatic Diseases/history , Gout/history , History, 16th Century , History, 17th Century , History, 18th Century , MexicoABSTRACT
Based on diaries and relations, the fact that Admiral Cristobal Colon effectively suffered of gout is documented. This was a common disease in that times. The interpretations that gout as a disease has had in the course of medicine history, are also analyzed
Subject(s)
Humans , Gout/history , History, 16th Century , Famous PersonsABSTRACT
Recorda-se a situaçäo peculiar da Gota na história da medicina e sua importância em relaçäo as diversas artes. Comenta-se a participaçäo de Ronsard como renovador cultural na França renascentista e sua inter-relaçäo com a história da gota, através da obra artística. Abordam-se os novos conhecimentos referentes à medicina psicossomática no campo da gota e a importância desses estudos para abrir novos caminhos ainda pouco explorados
Subject(s)
History, Ancient , History, 16th Century , History, 17th Century , History, 18th Century , History, 19th Century , Gout/history , Medicine in Literature , Poetry , Gout/psychology , Psychophysiologic DisordersABSTRACT
Aborda-se o estado clínico e psicossocial de personalidades ilustres que sofreram de gota, analisando as tentativas terapêuticas empíricas do passado. Reis, papas, líderes religiosos, artistas famosos, escritores e filósofos pagaram tributo a esta doença, na época relacionada ao desregramento na vida das pessoas ricas e ociosas. Hipóteses patogênicas múltiplas foram aventadas para explicar sua etiopatogenia. A análise geral da obra alcança até a fase atual de nossas modernas concepçöes científicas. Faz-se um histórico da importância da colquicina no tratamento da moléstia. Recorda-se que o 1§ trabalho escrito por um brasileiro, José Pinto de Azeredo, data de 1788. Ressalta-se, com destaque, a importância da publicaçäo de 1946, de Barbosa Corrêa (pai), que estabeleceu näo ser a gota rara no Brasil, destruindo assim velho e arraigado preconceito. Divide-se o trabalho em 4 capítulos: A velha doença dos poderosos; Oprobium medicorum; O Dedo de Hermes e, A tragopodagra, capítulo este dedicado ao poema de Luciano de Samosata (125 d.C.), onde pela primeira vez em português se estuda o interessante poema médico relacionado, de modo vivo e impressionante, aos sofrimentos produzidos pela deusa da gota